US producer prices increased less than expected in March, as stable service costs helped offset a sharp rise in energy prices triggered by the ongoing war with Iran.
The Producer Price Index (PPI) for final demand rose 0.5% last month, matching a downwardly revised increase in February, data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics showed on Tuesday.
Economists polled by Reuters had expected a sharper 1.1% rise.
On an annual basis, producer inflation accelerated to 4.0% in March, up from 3.4% in February, reflecting mounting cost pressures in the production pipeline.
Energy shock begins to filter through
The relatively muted monthly increase in producer prices masked the early impact of a sharp surge in energy costs.
Oil prices have climbed more than 35% since the US-Israel conflict with Iran began in late February, briefly crossing $100 per barrel after the US announced plans to blockade Iranian ports.
The jump in energy costs was partly offset by flat services prices in March, suggesting that broader inflationary pressures are still building gradually.
However, economists warn that the full effect of rising oil prices is yet to be reflected in inflation data.
March’s PPI likely captured only the initial phase of the shock, with further increases expected in the coming months as higher fuel costs feed into transportation, manufacturing, and logistics.
Inflation outlook remains uncertain
Recent data already point to rising price pressures at the consumer level.
The Consumer Price Index recorded its largest monthly increase in nearly four years in March, driven by a surge in gasoline and diesel prices.
The Federal Reserve, which targets 2% inflation based on the Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) index, is now facing a more complex policy environment.
Economists estimate that core PCE inflation, which excludes food and energy, rose 0.2% in March, translating to an annual rate of 3.1%.
While the energy shock is expected to have a more moderate effect on core inflation, it still risks keeping overall price growth elevated for longer.
The upcoming PCE data release on April 30 will be closely watched for confirmation of these trends, as it incorporates both consumer and producer price inputs.
Fed faces policy dilemma as markets shift
Persistently high inflation could strain household budgets, particularly after several years of prices rising above the central bank’s target.
At the same time, signs of a slowing labor market are adding to the Federal Reserve’s policy challenges.
Financial markets have already begun adjusting expectations.
Since the outbreak of the conflict, traders have scaled back bets on interest rate cuts this year, reversing earlier projections that had anticipated one or two reductions.
With inflation pressures building and economic growth showing signs of moderation, policymakers may be forced to remain cautious, balancing the risks of entrenched inflation against a potential slowdown.
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